Gerard C. O’Reilly, Principal of Vanguard Group, Inc. Gerard has been with Vanguard since 1992, has managed investment portfolios since 1994, O'Reilly has managed stock index portfolios since 1994. Education: B.S., Villanova University.

Nicholas Birkett, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He worked in investment banking from 2005 to 2016, has been with Vanguard since 2017, and has co-managed the Fund since August 2023. Education: B.S., University of Bath.

Aaron Choi, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2011, has worked in investment management since 2015, and has co-managed the Fund since August 2023. Education: B.S., Pennsylvania State University.

Kenny Narzikul, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2012, has worked in investment management since 2016, has managed investment portfolios since 2023, and has co-managed the Fund since August 2023. Education: B.B.A., James Madison University.