| Fund Inception | 07/02/1998 |
| Name of Issuer | Vanguard |
| Fund Advisor(s) | Vanguard Group, Inc. (via Vanguard Portfolio Mgmt) |
| Sub-Advisor(s) | -- |
Fund Managers for VIVIX
Aaron Choi
Portfolio Manager since 02/18/2025
Aaron Choi, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2011, has worked in investment management since 2015, and has co-managed the Fund since August 2023. Education: B.S., Pennsylvania State University.
Jena Stenger
Portfolio Manager since 02/18/2025
Jena Stenger, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. She has worked in investment management since 2013, has been with Vanguard since 2015, and has co-managed the Fund/Portfolio since February 2025. Education: B.S., Villanova University; M.B.A., University of Chicago Booth School of Business.
