Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990; has managed investment portfolios since 1999; and has co-managed the Fund since 2009. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager. He has been with Vanguard since 1999; has managed investment portfolios since 2010 and worked in investment management since 2007. He holds a B.A. from The Pennsylvania State University and M.B.A. from Drexel University.

John Kraynak, CFA, Portfolio Manager at Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 2010, has worked in investment management since 2018, and has co-managed the Fund since February 2025. Education: B.S., Millersville University; M.B.A., Drexel University.