Ms. Cavanaugh is a Portfolio Manager of Putnam's global core equity, global financial, and research strategies, and an Assistant Portfolio Manager of the Capital Spectrum and Equity Spectrum strategies. In addition, she is an Analyst focusing on the global financial and U.S. health-care sectors. Ms. Cavanaugh is responsible for conducting fundamental analysis of and making buy/sell recommendations for companies in the global investment banking, global brokerage and insurance, alternative asset management, and managed care industries. She joined Putnam in 2011 and has been in the investment industry since 1995. Prior to joining Putnam, Ms. Cavanaugh was a Leader of the Global Financials Team and a Senior Equity Analyst at Janus Capital Group from 2005 to 2011. Prior to this role, she served at Goldman Sachs & Co. as a Vice President, Asset Management, from 2003 to 2005 and as a Financial Analyst, Investment Banking Division, Media/Entertainment Group, from 1995 to 1998. Previous to these roles, Ms. Cavanaugh was an Associate in the Investment Banking Division, Media/Entertainment Group, at Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette from 2000 to 2002. Ms. Cavanaugh has an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School, where she earned high distinction as a Baker Scholar, and has a B.A. from Brown University.

Ms. Lakin is Director of Research and responsible for managing a team of analysts, covering all sectors and regions. Ms. Lakin directs research initiatives, ensures quality of the research team`s output, guides sustainability integration within research, and facilitate s collaboration between Putnam`s portfolio managers and the research team. In addition, she is a portfolio manager of Putnam`s Balanced and U.S. Research strategies. She joined Putnam in 2012 and has been in the investment industry since 2008. Prior to joining Putnam, Ms. Lakin was an Equity Research Analyst (from 2011 to 2012) and an Equity Research Associate (from 2008 to 2011) at Fidelity Investments. Ms. Lakin earned an M.B.A. from Yale School of Management and a B.A. from Wellesley College.

Mr. O’Brien is Assistant Director of Equity Research, providing oversight and strategic direction to Putnam's team of equity analysts. In addition, he is a portfolio manager of Putnam's research strategy and an analyst in the Equity Research group, focusing on the U.S. technology sector. He is responsible for conducting fundamental analysis and valuation of companies in the semiconductor, hardware, and software industries, and for making buy/sell recommendations. Mr. O'Brien has been in the investment industry since he joined Putnam in 2011. Previously at Putnam, he served as an Investment Associate on the U.S. consumer team. Mr. O'Brien earned a B.S. in Business Administration from Babson College.

Mr. Rives is a Portfolio Manager of Putnam's small-cap core and global utilities strategies. In addition, he is an Analyst in the Equity Research group, focusing on the natural resources and utilities sectors. Mr. Rives is responsible for conducting fundamental analysis and valuation of E&Ps, MLPs, renewables, energy service companies, and utilities, and for making buy/sell recommendations. He has been in the investment industry since he joined Putnam in 2013. Previously at Putnam, Mr. Rives was an Equity Associate. Mr. Rives earned a B.A. from Amherst College.

Mr. LaPlant is a Portfolio Manager of Putnam`s Research strategy and a Quantitative Analyst, covering equities. He is respons ible for the portfolio construction, quantitative research, and risk management of U.S. and international equity strategies. Mr. LaPlant is also responsible for the implementation of customized equity mandates. He joined Putnam in 2000 and has been in the investment industry since 1998. Prior to joining Putnam, Mr. LaPlant was a Portfolio Associate at EPG, Inc. from 1998 to 2000. Mr. LaPlant earned a B.S. in Finance from the University of Vermont.