Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has been with Vanguard since 1990; has managed investment portfolios since 1999; and has co-managed the Fund since 2009. Education: B.A., Saint Joseph’s University; M.B.A., Villanova University.Michael Perre, Principal of Vanguard. He has co-managed the Fund since 2017.

Jeffrey D. Miller, Portfolio Manager. He has been with Vanguard since 1999; has managed investment portfolios since 2010 and worked in investment management since 2007. He holds a B.A. from The Pennsylvania State University and M.B.A. from Drexel University.